Let's Talk Žižek: on Capitalism, Occupy, and Tahrir

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Last Friday, we drove to the town of Geneva in upper state New York to attend a lecture for the Slovenian Slavoj Žižek. I heard of Žižek only last year because of his articles on the Occupy movement. One of my friends mentioned him to me before and recently in one of my classes we read parts of his famous work "The Sublime Object of Ideology." Žižek, like many intellectuals, give his lectures based on the work he's concerned with at the moment. He has been speaking about capitalism with Asian values, the death of capitalism, and the protesting movements world wide.
Asian Capitalism
Žižek started his lecture saying there is a search for a new capitalism; an attempt to rescue the world's system. He refers here to the rising capitalism in China and Singapore; capitalist systems without democracies. This presents Asian capitalism that will soon die. "Revolutions never happen after things get really bad. It happens when the situation is bad and the regime starts to compromise" he explains. Žižek speculates that the fall of Chinese capitalism will take the form of explosive rioting; something that the police force cannot tolerate. Žižek asked the question "why am I drawing this scenario for the Chinese model? well, because it followed the American one!"

Revolution and Future Signs
When speaking of the 2011 revolts and protests, Žižek drew two models: 1) the Occupy movement, which he is critical of some of its voices, but expressed his support of it as it has diversity in critique and aims to take down capitalism. 2) the European protests which he called a sort of "Lacanian Hysteria" calling for a new master. In this categorizations, Žižek placed the Arab Spring, through the example of Tahrir Square, as a universal movement powerful and parallel to the Occupy movement.
Žižek explained: "After this revolutionary festival has gone by, now we need to create memory." He explained that the existence the Occupy movement reminds us of the weakness of the system and bring the non-stop resistance into space visibly. He said "Occupy is more serious than just a reformative solution."Relatively, Žižek referred to Walter Benjamin and the notion of "signs from the future." He talked of a liberal prejudice towards Arab crowds as being stupid and mobilized crowds and this is why the Arab Spring surprised the west. Žižek added "I do not advocate for taking Tahrir Square, for example, as a sign of a utopian future, but of a coming form getting created." 

Let the System Die!
Žižek stated that 'we' need to reject the accusation that we are involved in some sort of an unapproachable utopia. "I am not making a Marxist claim; am not saying I know where societies are going but am saying we should take revolutions as paradoxical signs of the future." Powerfully, he added: "Utopia is if you think that things will keep going the way they are now" and that the belief in a cycle of rioting then restored order, is dangerous. 
The peak of his critique came when he stated: "we cannot play this endless worrying game about saving the system. You should allow the system to destruct itself" and he gave the example of European Bankruptcy. "Don't be afraid of crisis. Let the system die, let it kill itself" he added. 
Žižek gave the example of Bill Clinton's question to the Occupy protesters to make suggested reforms as an attempt from the system to save itself. He said it is a clear example of the "if you can't beat your enemy, praise him" logic.

Paradoxical Freedoms
Žižek also talked about fundamentalism in relation to global capitalism. He said literally "fuck this stupid pop-sociological claim that new fundamentalism is an answer from the ordinary people to post-modern freedoms." Giving a personal example he observed, Žižek concluded that fundamentalists belong to this or that extreme ideology to practice the freedoms they want- paradoxical freedoms.

Post-Colonial Theory is Bullshit! 
After his lecture, Žižek took some questions from the audience. I asked him: "you find all revolutions and struggles as a sort of resistance against global capitalism, what about those who call for different readings within the post-colonial frame?" I explained further "Some revolting countries do not identify themselves with the goal of resisting Capitalism and do not believe they are under capitalist regimes because they define capitalism through the American example." 
"I'm glad you asked this question" Žižek said "I heard many argue with such logic. However, I believe that all resistance is against global capitalism and there's no such thing as the post-colonial case." Žižek gave the examples of Congo and Zimbabwe and said that regimes that claim to be anti-capitalist do not exist out of the global capitalist context. He referred to post-colonial studies and Homi Bhabha as 'bullshit' because he believes such frames consume us away from the real struggle; fighting the same oppressor. Žižek gave the example of post-colonial theorist Frantz Fanon and expressed his admiration for him as Fanon is an intellectual and a warrior against colonialism. 
Žižek's surely did not please me. This rejection for post-colonial studies and theory was made too easy. Considering his theoretical background, I do understand how Žižek see the world in a class struggle, I also see how post-colonial frames might get dangerous, but calling off the importance of this field is to call off the decades of attempts that worked on deconstructing the colonizer-colonized relationship. It also neglects the fact that the first and third worlds are not on the same level of discussion. This notion of 'universality' irritates me and though it can be constructive and empowering, I still find it very problematic.
Western Patronizing
Žižek discussed the universal resistance he believes in. He said the whites in South Africa, when discussing whether to give Blacks the same rights they have or not, they practiced a worse form of racism saying "we are afraid if we give them the same rights we have, we will make them bad like us. They would lose their innocence." Žižek called this a form of patronizing. Then he gave an interesting example of a rejection to this patronizing when the U.S became apologetic towards the indigenous groups, the latter replied "oh no, you are not as criminal as we are, we burned the woods and killed the animals and did this and that. We are more horrible than you" meaning, he claims, the indigenous did not allow the 'Americans' to patronize them.
Žižek stated that he is against the United Nations' universalism where you see the UNESCO telling you about how beautiful this African culture or that Japanese culture is. The UN universalism is also 'patronizing' to him and instead he said "I like the Tahrir Square universalism where we needed no translation to understand what the people wanted." He concluded: "Shoot them both; the false non-racists and the local capitalists."

After-Talk
I got to talk shortly with Žižek. He asked me "where are you from?" I said "Kuwait," and he started telling me about his visit to Dubai and how he got a Pakistani taxi driver to take him to the poor neighborhoods where migrant workers lived in bad conditions. He also told me that the first Arabic translation of one of his essays appeared in one of Kuwait University publications.

Bahrain: Where is Abdulhadi Alkhawaja?

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For some days there has been no news of imprisoned Bahraini human rights activist and opposition leader Abdulhadi Alkhawaja, who has been on hunger strike since February 8. It is feared that Alkhawaja, who was sentenced last year to life imprisonment and has reportedly been subjected to physical and sexual torture in detention, is now either being force-fed or is in a critical state.
Hunger Strike
On February 8, Alkhawaja started a hunger strike and made it clear that he would not stop until he was released. According to his family, he has been preparing them to accept his death. Since April 23 Alkhawaja's family have had no news about him, and requests for visits have been denied by the authorities. Concern is growing, and thousands have been tweeting on the hashtag #WhereIsAlKhawaja, demanding an immediate answer from the government. Human rights organisations around the world, including Front Line Defenders, have joined the calls for information about Alkhawaja.

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In response to Mona Eltahawy’s hate argument

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Mona Eltahawy’s article “Why do they hate us?,” published in Foreign Policy Magazine’s special issue on women, has a catchy title.  When I first saw it, I honestly thought it was referring to the Egyptian military’s violations of women’s rights by performing “virginity tests” — especially as the military’s aim seemed to be to exclude women from taking part in political life by brutalizing them and showing them as fragile and vulnerable.

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Bahrain: Police Help Thugs Vandalize Shiite-Owned Shop

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The owners of the Jawad Business Group, a Shiite-owned company, have released a video of one of their shops being stormed, robbed, and vandalized by a group of thugs on April 10, as policemen watched and even helped. Businesses owned by Jawad have been a target over the last year as it has been claimed that the company provided food to the protestors at the Pearl Roundabout

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Kuwait: Tortured for Someone Else's Tweets

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Throughout the year of 2011, Kuwait has had many cases of arrests of twitter users. It started with two tweeps getting arrested for insulting a religious sect. Other cases had a political nature as those tweeps played a role in protesting the former prime minister who was accused of corruption. Recently, three tweeps were arrested then bailed out for insulting the Amir of Kuwait with the hashtag #بطارية (battery in Arabic) that was interpreted to be mocking the Amir's heart which works on battery.
Among the Bedoon, the stateless community of Kuwait that is denied documentation and basic human rights, there hasn't been any arrests because of social media use; at least not any documented cases. The community has been protesting since February 2011 and many arrests and trials were held against protesters. However, end of last month, marked the first case of a Bedoon arrested for a twitter account which the state security police believed it was established by him. Khaled Al-Enizi, 24 years old, was accused of making a fake account of one of the ministers and insulting the Amir.
According to Bedoon Rights, Khaled was insulted and threatened with rape during interrogation. The police used the “grilling” torture method in which a person gets held up above fire. Khaled’s arm was severely harmed and they had to take him to the hospital where the doctor said that he is fine. He was taken back to be tortured. The police used another method of torture against him called “the room of cooling the dead” that is conducted by telling the victim that a fridge is made for the dead and then put him in it until he confesses.
The State Security police made Khaled stand on one foot as he gets beaten and when he told them it was his weak foot, they hit it harder. They wet him with water and threatened to use electricity to shock his body if he does not confess. As the torture was going, they noticed that the twitter account they accused him of running was actually posting tweets while he’s in custody and thus decided to end the torture and charge him with the regular illegal protesting charges like the other detained protesters. He was bailed out on April the 2nd for 200 Kuwaiti Dinars and will go on trial for illegal protesting. 

Kuwait: Bedoon Light Candles for Freedom

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As a protest against discriminatory state policies and arbitrary arrests, the stateless community in Kuwait (Bedoon) decided to light candles in their houses and post pictures of them on Twitter. The idea was suggested by blogger 7anthala Al-Bedoon who thought it would be a message to the authorities that “the struggle is going on and that their peaceful objections will not end until they get their rights”.
On Wednesday 4 April, a flood of pictures went on Twitter as people expressed themselves variously with candles using the hashtag #شمعة_حرية_وأمل meaning “a candle of freedom and hope”.

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Bahrain: Tweeting Against Formula 1

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Twitter hashtags are no longer spontaneous, at least not to Bahraini Twitter users who are using hashtags as another tool to spread information about their protest against a regime which has so far granted them cosmetic reforms after a whole year of protest. Although Bahrain's population is small in number, Twitter users are very organized online, using social media platforms as their only way to document the crimes of the regime against them.
This idea to trend hashtags started in solidarity with Abdulhadi Khawaja, a prominent activist and opposition figure, who is sentenced to life imprisonment after being accused of attempting to overthrow the regime and who has been on hunger strike for weeks.
For the previous month, Bahrainis have succeeded in getting several hashtags to trend worldwide. In their latest attempt, they wanted to address Formula 1, the famous car race organiser, to cancel their race in Bahrain in protest against the regime's violations against human rights. The race is scheduled to be held from April 20 to 22, 2012.

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Kuwait: Call to Kill the “Infidel” Twitter User

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It seems like Twitter really decides a lot for Kuwaitis; one case after another goes to court because of certain tweets. Months ago, a columnist was jailed for his anti-Shia tweets and last year there were two similar cases for Shiite Nasser Abul and Sunni Mubarak Al-Bathali, who each spent months in prison for tweets they published.
This week, after interrogating a Twitter user for a hashtag, Twitter was stormed by the tweets of Hamad Al-Naqi, a young Shiite Kuwaiti man who is known for his support to the Bahraini revolution. Al-Naqi was accused of insulting Prophet Mohammed and one of his wives, Ayesha.
He denied the accusations but was arrested and an investigation is being conducted as he serves a pre-trial detention, a law that has been under criticism as it allows the public prosecution to keep one in detention for weeks without access to trial. He said that his account has been hacked and that he is a religious person who would never insult the Prophet.
Although the tweet can be seen as an attack on Islam, the Sunnis dealt with it as a Shia attack on Sunni Islam. On Wednesday, Kuwaitis protested in Erada Square by the parliament against Al-Naqi and called for his death while burning the Iranian flag [video] to indicate that Shia are only loyal to Iran religiously and politically.

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The Islamist “Mission Impossible” in Kuwait

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After its success in removing the former Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Sabah, the newly elected Islamist/conservative majority in the Kuwaiti parliament is waging new battles. Over the past two years, Kuwaitis had taken to the streets to demand Al-Mohammed’s resignation. Nevertheless, despite allegations of corruption and fomenting tensions, the former Prime Minister was not voted out by parliament. As a result, as time passed, the protests became increasingly tense and eventually helped the opposition, which includes the Salafis, the Muslim Brotherhood, and the conservative Popular Action Bloc, to win the majority of seats in the country’s February 2012 parliamentary elections.
Before the new parliament’s first session, the Salafis brought up an old discussion, dating back to the First Gulf War in 1990, about changing the second article in Kuwait’s 49-year-old constitution, which states that Islamic Sharia is one source of law in the country. In Kuwait, laws regarding prohibitions against drinking alcohol and drugs, adultery, stealing, and other such ‘sins’, as they are referred to in Islam, are based on Sharia, although the punishments themselves are not conducted according to Islamic law. For example, a person who steals spends time in jail rather than having his hand cut off. While the Islamists’ objection to the second article revolves around its reference to Sharia as one, instead of the only, source of law, they have not specified how they intend to further ‘Islamize’ the laws of Kuwait.
Any change in the constitution requires support from two thirds of parliamentarians as well as the ruler’s approval, making it nearly impossible to change the second article. It was, however, surprising to see the conservative Popular Action Bloc side with the Islamists, considering the more liberal views of the Bloc’s leader Ahmed Al-Saadon. Many have viewed the Bloc’s position as politically motivated, intended to increase its popularity and guarantee Islamist support for Al-Saadon’s bid to become the head of parliament, which he recently won. When the Bloc announced its position on this debate, the leftist and liberals issued a statement denouncing attempts to amend this core constitutional provision.
With Kuwait entering a new political era, parliament was expected to have a more calm relationship with the government. However, the opposition, which many believed would fulfill its promises of reform and accountability and present a substantive reformist agenda, has instead created new fault lines not only about amending the constitution’s second article, but also on the related issue of having opposition members appointed to ministerial positions.
Traditionally, the prime minister is responsible for choosing his cabinet, although political parties are allowed to suggest names in closed-door meetings with him. While the opposition’s push for ministerial appointments may seem in line with its general calls for reform, questions remain as to why the opposition focused for the last two years only on removing Al-Mohammed and not on establishing an elected cabinet. While some liberal and leftist youth protestors called for a constitutional monarchy during this period, the opposition and media neglected and marginalized their requests. When asked to comment about the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, opposition MP’s avoided discussing the subject or thought ‘it is too early to be brought up.’  At the same time, the opposition refused to stay out of the demonstrations, ignoring requests by the youth to leave the protests to the people.
The debate over amending Kuwait’s second constitutional article reflects the opposition’s failure to fulfill its promises of reform and its tendency to involve itself in controversial debates. As a result, Kuwait’s national assembly remains a hollow institution, reflecting the authoritarian behaviors of its elected representatives.

* Published in Muftah - March 2012

Bahrain: Massive Rally Against the Regime

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“Down down with Hamad” chanted tens of thousands of people against Bahrain's King Hamad, as they occupied one of the main highways in Bahrain, nearby the Pearl Roundabout, the symbol of Bahrain's revolution.
This massive march on the Budaiya Highway on Friday 9 March, 2012, came to renew public demands against the tyranny of the Bahraini regime which has been implicated in the killings, arrests, corruption, oppression and discrimination of citizens, according to a fact-finding mission, called the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, commissioned by the Bahraini king to look into what happened during the first two months of the protests in Bahrain [PDF report].
Last March 2011, the Peninsula Shield Force troops entered Bahrain, led by Saudi Arabia, to repress protests and enact martial laws that led to the arrest of prominent opposition figures. Most of them were put on military trial and sentenced to life imprisonment, including human rights defender Abdulhadi Khawaja, In absentia, blogger Ali Abdulimam was also sentenced to 15 years in jail.
So far, there have been more than 70 people killed since the uprising - shot, tortured to death, run over by cars, or suffocated by the excessive use of tear gas. The way the regime keeps ignoring protestors' demands and international calls to release prisoners and start reform, has spurred protesters to keep on demonstrating and speaking up through social media.

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Kuwait: Art Exhibition Shut Down for “Controversial” Content

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Kuwaiti artist Shurooq Amin is in shock after her exhibition of paintings was shut down without an explanation. Reports say that men walked into the show, three hours after its opening, and took the paintings down, saying they had received a complaint over the content of the paintings. 

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UAE: Activist Arrested for his Tweets

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With the birth of the Arab Spring, the United Arab Emirates' authorities seem to be intimidated by any voice asking for reforms and change. The start was with the arbitrary arrests of five activists for signing an online petition and keeping them illegally in custody for months before giving them a ‘pardon' as part of the annual national celebrations. Shortly afterwards, seven political activists were stripped off their citizenship after an issued order by Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the president of the UAE. Lately, a new case of violation of free speech came out after the arrest of Saleh AlDhufairi, an Islamist calling for change.

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Saudi Arabia: Tweeting AlBajady's Hunger Strike

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Saudi netizens joined forces last night to tweet about the plight of Mohammed Albajady, a 34-year-old Saudi activist who has been imprisoned for a year with no charges and no fair trial and who has been on hunger strike in protest against his detention for almost two weeks. The online move follows last week's attempt by Bahraini netizens, who with the help of Arab and international Twitter users, were able to trend worldwide the hashtag #Hungry4BH in support of political detainees, most notably human rights defender and activist Abdulhadi Khawaja, who have been on hunger strike for more than three weeks.

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Bahrain: #Hungry4BH Trends Worldwide

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The number of Bahrainis active online has increased significantly since the start of the country's uprising on February 14, last year. A year on, people still turn to their keyboards, assuming the role of citizen journalists, to documenting the continuing violations committed by the regime against protesters, activists, and others who speak up and demand freedom and equality. Abdulhadi Khawaja, a Bahraini human rights activist, is considered to be a prominent figure for his people considering his long struggle against the regime. He was imprisoned several times, went into exile, established both the Gulf Center for Human Rights and Bahrain Center for Human Rights, which are both now headed by his fellow activist Nabeel Rajab. Khawaja brought attention to the struggle of his people and the government's decision to give him a life sentence ‘for attempting to overthrow the regime' was faced with condemnation from the international community.

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